In exercise of the powers conferred by the proviso
to Article 309 of the Constitution of India, the Governor hereby makes the
following rules, namely: (1) These Rules may be called the Sikkim Government Service (Leave) Rules,
1982. (2) They shall be deemed to have come into force on the 1st day of April,
1981. Save as otherwise provided in these rules, they
shall apply to Government servants appointed to the various services and posts
in connection with the affairs of the State of Sikkim, but shall not apply to (a) persons employed on work-charged basis; (b) persons in casual, or daily-rated or part-time employment; (c) persons appointed in leave vacancies; (d) members of All India Services and employees on deputation from Central
Government of: other Governments to the extent where there are
specific provisions in the All India Services (Leave) Rules, 1955 or Central
Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 and Leave rules applicable to the concerned
employee on deputation from other State Government; (e) honorary workers; (f) persons employed on contract except when the contract provides
otherwise. (1) In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires- (a) "authority competent to grant leave" means,- (i) in relation to gazetted officers, the Secretary in the Establishment
Department; (ii) in relation to non-gazetted officers, the Secretary, Head of Department
or the Head of Office declared by the Establishment Department to be competent
to grant the leave; (b) "Form" means the Form appended to these rules; (c) "vacation department" means a department or part of
department, to which regular vacations are allowed, during which Government
servants serving in the Department are permitted to be absent from duty; (2) words and expressions used herein and not defined but defined in the
Sikkim Government Service Rules, 1974 shall have the meanings respectively
assigned to them in those rules. (1) Leave cannot be claimed as a matter of right. (2) When the exigencies of public service so require, leave of any kind may
be refused or revoked or curtailed by the authority competent to grant leave. (3) The authority competent to grant leave may commute one kind of leave, or
refusal to different kind which may be admissible at the time leave was
originally sanctioned. But the Government servant cannot claim it as a matter
of right. (4) Any unauthorised absence from duty without the prior sanction for leave,
or refusal to return to duty on recall before the expiry of leave or failure to
return to duty after expiry of leave sanctioned shall be treated as
misbehaviour and the Government servant concerned shall be liable to
disciplinary action, and the period of such unauthorised absence may be treated
as dies non. Explanation. The unauthorised period of absence treated as dies
non shall constitute an interruption of service for the purpose of increment,
leave and pension and unless there are specific order not to treat the period
as such, the entire past service shall stand forfeited. A Government servant's claim to leave is regulated
by the rules in force at the time the leave is applied for and granted. Save as otherwise provided in these rules, leave
shall be earned for the period for which a Government servant is on duty only. Explanation I. Duty includes periods of casual
leave, departmental examination leave under rule 25, in-service training,
joining time, quarantine leave but does not include the periods of
extraordinary leave, examination leave, study leave, maternity leave and all
other kinds of leave including special disability leave for accidental injury. Explanation II. For the purpose of this rule, the
period spent on deputation to autonomous bodies, public undertakings shall
count as duty only if contributions towards leave salary and pension are paid
either by the borrowing employer or the Government servant. (1) Except as provided in these rules, any claim to leave to the credit of a
Government servant, who is dismissed or removed or who resigns from Government
service, ceases from the date of such dismissal or removal or resignation. (2) A Government servant who is dismissed or removed from service and is
reinstated on appeal or revision, shall be entitled to count for leave his
service prior to dismissal or removal, as the case may be An application for leave or for extension of leave
shall be made in Form I. Note 1.Where a Government servant is working in an
Office subordinate to a Department the application should be routed through
proper channel. Note 2.Gazetted employees should route their
applications to the Establishment Department through the Head of Office and the
Head of Department concerned or the Secretary to the Government as the case may
be. A leave account shall be maintained in Form IV by
the authority competent to grant leave or under its directions and no leave
shall be granted to a Government servant until a report regarding its
admissibility is verified and found correct in all respects. Except as provided in rule 11, leave ordinarily
begins on the day on which the transfer of charge effected in accordance with
the working arrangement made in the order granting the leave and ends on the
preceding that on which the charge is resumed. Note 1.-Except in cases requiring immediate medical
attendance, leave in all other cases shall be applied for at least one month
before the date on which the leave commences. Note 2.-It is obligatory on the part of the
authority recommending the leave to propose working arrangements during the
leave, if so required. Explanation I. If a Government
servant is transferred to some other Department while on leave, he ceases, from
the date transfer, to be on leave and to draw leave salary unless there are
specific orders permit ting such Governments servant to assume charge of the
new post after expiry of the leave sanctioned. Explanation II. If a Government
servant takes leave while in transit on transfer from one post to another, the
period which has elapsed since he handed over charge of his old post must be
included in his leave. On the expiry of the leave, the Government servant may
be allowed normal joining time. Explanation III.-When a Government servant
officiating in a higher post under rule 39 of chapter VII of the Sikkim
Government Service Rules, 1974 proceeds on leave, he is to be treated as
continuing to hold that higher post during his leave for the purposes of drawal
of leave salary and other allowances. (1) When the day immediately preceding the day on which a Government
servants leave being or the day immediately following the day on which his
leave expires, is a holiday or one of the series of holidays, the Government
servant shall be deemed to have been permitted (except in cases where for
administrative reasons permission for prefixing or suffixing holidays to leave
is specifically withheld) to leave the place of his posting at the close of the
day before or return to it on the day following such holiday or the series of
holidays. (2) Unless the authority competent to grant leave in any case otherwise
directs- (a) If holidays are prefixed to leave, the leave and any consequent
rearrangements of pay and allowances shall take effect from the day after the
holidays; and (b) if holidays are suffixed to leave, the leave is treated as having
terminated and any consequent rearrangement of pay and allowances takes effect
from the day on which the leave would have ended if holidays had not been
suffixed. Explanation I.-The holidays falling in between a
spell of leave shall be counted as part of leave. Explanation II.-Where charge allowance has been
sanctioned to a substitute, the charge allowance shall be admissible of the
period of holidays prefixed and/or suffixed. (1) Where a Government servant is recalled to duty in the interest of public
service before expiry of the leave, such recall to duty shall be treated as
compulsory in all cases. (2) The Government servant who is so recalled to duty before expiry of leave
shall be allowed travelling allowances admissible as on official tour from the
place alt which he receives such orders to the place to which he is recalled.
The actual period covered by the journey shall be treated as duty but during
such period he shall draw emoluments equal to the leave salary only. (3) The unavailed portion of leave shall be cancelled and credited to his
leave account. (1) A Government servant on leave shall not return to duty before the expiry
of the period of leave granted to him is permitted to do so by the authority
which granted him leave. On return from leave he shall submit, in duplicate, a
report in Form II. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-rule (1), a Government servant
on leave preparatory to retirement shall be precluded from returning to duty,
save with the prior approval in writing of the authority competent to appoint
him to the post from which he proceeded on leave preparatory to (3) A Government servant who has taken leave on medical certificate may not
return to duty until he has produced a medical certificate of fitness in Form
III. (1) Unless the authority competent to grant leave extends the leave, a
Government servant which remains absent after the end of leave, with or without
application, is entitled to no leave salary for the period of such absence and
that period shall be treated as extraordinary leave. (2) Wilful absence from duty after the expiry of leave renders a Government
servant liable disciplinary action. Note. Where the facts
and circumstances of the case so warrant, disciplinary action shall be taken
for contravention of this rule for unauthorised absence from duty or overstayal
of leave even for one day, treating it as misconduct. Except as otherwise provided in these rules, any
kind of leave under these rules may be granted by the competent authority in
combination with or in continuation of any other kind of leave. Explanation.-Casual leave which is treated as duty
under these rules shall not be combined with any other kind of leave admissible
under these rules. Where a leave admissible under these rules has preceded or
immediately followed by the casual leave the period of casual leave shall be
converted into leave of the kind that has been sanctioned for the period
preceding or succeeding such casual leave. (1) The maximum amount of earned leave on full pay granted in any one spell
shall not exceed 120 days unless otherwise provided in these rules. (2) The maximum amount of half pay leave sanctioned in one spell shall not
exceed (3) The total continuous period of absence on leave shall not exceed 1080
days in one spell: Provided that no leave shall be granted to a
Government servant placed under suspension. (1) Save as otherwise provided in rule 27, all Government servants shall be
eligible for earned leave on full pay to the extent of one-eleventh of the
period spent on duty. (2) In addition, a Government servant shall be entitled to half pay leave of
20 days in respect of each completed year of service which may be granted on
medical certificate or on private affairs Note. A Government
servant shall cease to earn or accumulate leave under sub-rule (1) above when
the earned leave art: credit exceeds 180 days. In calculating earned leave referred to in sub-rule
(1) of rule 17, the actual number of days of duty shall first be counted and
then multiplied by 1/11 and the product expressed in days. The fraction in the
earned leave shall be rounded off to the nearest day, that is fraction below
half a day shall be ignored and that fraction exceeding half a day or more
shall be reckoned as one day. (1) Commutted leave may be granted to a Government servant including
employees working in the vacation Department not exceeding half the period of
half pay leave at his credit, subject to the following conditions namely:- (a) the leave shall be granted on the sickness of the Government servant or
his family; (b) the Government servant's half pay leave at credit shall be debited with
twice the number of days of commutted leave thus granted; (c) such leave shall be granted only on the basis of a medical certificate; (d) the maximum amount of commutted leave granted shall not exceed 240 days,
that is 480 days of half pay leave, during the entire service; (e) commutted leave under this rule may be granted to a Government servant
if he applied for it, even though he has earned leave at his credit. (1) When no other kind of leave is admissible, or when other kinds of leave
are due and admissible but the Government servant applies in writing for the
grant of extraordinary leave, the authority competent to grant leave, if
satisfied that the leave applied for is on account of unavoidable reasons, may
grant to the Government servant extraordinary leave, subject to the provisions
of rule 16. Such leave may be granted in combination with or in continuation of
any other kind of leave that is due and admissible. (2) The authority competent to grant leave shall also have the discretion to
convert period of absence without leave like overstayal of leave, joining time,
into extraordinary leave, even when any other kind of leave was due and
admissible at the time the absence without leave commenced. (3) Extraordinary leave is not debited to the leave account, but the period
of absence on such leave shall be recorded in the remarks column of the leave
account in order that such period may not inadvertently be treated as duty
later on. (4) During extraordinary leave, the Government servant shall continue to
hold lien to the post or grade from which he proceeded on leave. (5) No leave salary or other emoluments shall be admissible during
extraordinary leave. (1) The authority competent to grant leave may grant to a female Government
servant maternity leave on full pay for a period not exceeding 60 days from the
date of its commencement. (2) Every application for maternity leave shall be supported by a medical
certificate or by certificate by the immediate superior officer under whom she
has been wonting at the time of application for maternity leave. (3) Maternity leave may be combined with leave of any other kind, but any
leave applied for in continuation of the former may be granted only if the
request is supported by a medical certificate. (4) Maternity leave may also be granted in case of miscarriage, including
abortion, subject to the conditions that: (a) the leave shall not exceed 30 days; (b) the application for the leave is supported by a medical certificate
certifying the actual occurrence of the miscarriage or abortion. (5) The maternity leave shall not be debited against the leave account. (1) At the discretion of the Government study leave upto a maximum period of
720 days may be granted with due regard to the exigencies of Government service
to a Government servant who has rendered less than one year's service and who
has been sponsored by the Government considering the actual need of the
department, to enable him to undergo, in or out of India, a special course
consisting of higher studies specialised training in a professional or
technical subject having a direct or close connection with the sphere of his
duty. (2) A Government servant who is due to retire within 10 years may not,
however, be granted study leave. (3) The Government servant concerned must execute a bond in Form V giving an
undertaking to continue to serve the Government for such period as may be fixed
by the Government on the expiry of such leave or to refund the entire
expenditure incurred by the Government during the period of study leave. (4) A Government servant granted study leave under sub-rule (r) shall be
entitled during the period of such leave to draw a study leave allowance
equivalent to the leave salary admissible during period of half pay leave. The
period of study leave shall not be debited to the leave account. (5) The Government may cancel any portion of study leave granted and may
require the Government servants to return to his post if the progress of the
study for which leave was granted is found to be unsatisfactory or if the
exigencies of Government service so warrant. Note.-A Government servant who has not completed
one year's service or who has been nominated of selected for a course which has
no direct or close connection with the sphere of his duty may be granted study
leave without study leave allowance or leave salary. In such a case the
sponsoring Department may decide the quantum of financial assistance to be
extended in consultation with the Finance Department. (1) A Government servant who is disabled by injury accidentally incurred in,
or in consequent of performance of his official duties or in consequence of his
official position, or by illness incurred in the performance of any particular
duty, which has the effect of increasing his liability to illness or injury
beyond the ordinary risk attaching to the post which he holds, may be granted
special disability leave. (2) Special disability leave shall not be debited against the leave account. (3) Special disability leave may be granted for not more than 720 days for
any one disability (4) The period of leave granted shall be such as is certified by a Medical
Board constituted by the Secretary, Health Department, through a general order. (5) Special disability leave may be combined with leave of any other kind
admissible under these rules. During special disability leave, only half the
salary drawn immediately before the grant of the leave under sub-rule (1) shall
be admissible. Where in consequence of the presence of an
infectious disease in the family or household of a Government servant at his
place of duty, residence or sojourn, his attendance at his office is considered
ha-hardous to the health of other Government servants, such Government servant
may be granted quarantine leave Explanation I. The presence of an
infectious disease should be certified by a Government Medical Officer. Explanation II. The period of
Quarantine leave shall be as advised by the Government Medical Officer. Explanation III. For the purpose of
this rule "infectious disease" means Cholera, Small-pox, Plague,
Diphtheria, Typhoid fever, Cerebrospinal Meningitis and any other disease which
may hereafter be declared as infectious disease by the Director of Health
Services. Explanation IV. Quarantine leave may be granted on
the certificate of a Medical Officer for a period not exceeding 30 days. During
the quarantine leave, a Government servant is entitled to his normal salary. A Government servant absent from his office or from
his headquarters with the prior permission of the authority to attend an
obligatory departmental examination may be granted departmental examination
leave, which shall be treated as on duty, for the day or days of examination
including any reasonable period that may be required for the journey to and
from the place of examination. (1) Examination leave may be allowed to a Government servant to appear at a
recognised examination conducted by a Secondary Board of Education or
University. The authority competent to grant leave should satisfy itself that
the Government servant has actually appeared at the examination in respect of
which such leave is granted: Provided that no examination leave under this
sub-rule shall be granted to a leave substitute to a Government servants who
has not rendered a minimum period of one year's service. (2) In case of break other than Gazetted holidays fallings in between, the
day of examinations, period of such break- (a) exceeding two days when the examination is held at the place where a
Government servant is posted; or (b) exceeding four days when the examination is held outside the place where
the Government servant is posted, Shall be tested as
leave of the kind due to the credit of a Government servant if he fails to
return to duty the period. (3) At the discretion of the authority competent to grant leave, such leave
may be allowed to adjusted or combined with any other kind of leave admissible. (1) No earned leave on full pay to a Government servant serving in a
vacation department shall be admissible. Explanation I. Office staff,
peons and sweepers whose services are continuously required and cannot by
regular vacation will be treated as belonging to the non-vacation department
but cooks and such other employees who avail of regular vacation shall be
treated as belonging to the vacation department. Explanation II.-Government servants serving in
vacation departments are, however, eligible for leave on pay at the same rate
as admissible under sub-rule (2) of Rule 17. (2) If a Government servant serving in a vacation department is, by general
or special orders of Government, prevented from availing himself of the whole
or part of a vacation by reason of his having to per-from such duties as are
allotted to by the Head of the Department continuously during the period of
regulate vacation, shall be eligible to earned leave under sub-rule (1) of rule
17 provided that it is certified by the Head of the Department that such
refusal of vacation is in the exigencies of Government service. (3) Duty, for the purpose of sub-rule (2), shall be the actual period during
which he was required to be on duty during the vacation. (4) A Government servant transferred from a non-vacation department to a
vacation department shall be eligible to avail himself of the earned leave
which was at his credit at the time of such transfer (5) A Government servant transferred from a vacation department to a
non-vacation department shall be eligible to avail himself of the half pay
leave which was at his credit at the time of such transfer. (6) If a Government servant is transferred from a vacation department to a
non-vacation department, he shall be entitled to the earned leave to the extent
specified in sub-rule (1) of the Rule 17 from the date on which he joins such
non-vacation department. The leave, if any, earned by such Government servants
while serving in the vacation department shall also be credited to his leave
account. (1) A Government servant may be permitted to take leave preparatory to
retirement to the extent of leave due, not exceeding 180 days together with
half pay leave due, subject to the condition that such leave extents upto and
includes the date of retirement. (2) In case the leave under sub-rule (1) is refused to the government
servant in public interred then he may be granted, from the date of retirement,
the amount of earned leave so denied, increased by the amount of earned leave
earned by him during the period between the date of which leave preparatory to
retired ment was to commence and the date of retirement, and decreased by such
leave, if any, availed of during the same period, subject to the maximum limit
of 180 days. (3) Except as provided in sub-rule (2), all leave at the credit of a
Government servant shall lapse on the date of his superannuation unless the
service of the Government servant is extended in the interested of public
service under rule 100 of the Sikkim Government Service Rules, 1974. (4) Where a Government servant who is on deputation with any local body,
corporation of company wholly or substantially owned or controlled by the State
Government of Sikkim or a body controlled financed by the Government of Sikkim
(hereinafter referred to as the borrowing organisation) applies for leave
preparatory to retirement, the decision to grant or refuse such leave shall be
taken, by the borrowing organisation with the concurrence of the Government of
Sikkim. (5) Where a Government servant referred to in sub-rule (4) has been refused
the leave, such Government servant shall avail of the leave to the extent
admissible under sub-rule (2). (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in rule 16, a Government servant who
is in regular services and has completed a minimum period of one year and
suffers from tuberculosis or cancer shall be eligible for the following special
concessions, namely:- (a) the entire period of earned leave and half pay leave at his credit at
the time the leave is applied for on grounds of either of these disease; (b) after the leave as mentioned under clause (a) is exhausted, special
leave for a period not exceeding 240 days: Provided that the total continuous leave as under
clauses (a) and (b) shall not exceed 840 days Note.-During the period when the Government servant
is on special leave specified in clause (b), he may be paid the subsistence
allowance at the following rates- (i) fifty percent of the actual pay drawn immediately before the
commencement of leave; and (ii) full allowances admissible on such pay. (2) Leave under this rule may be combined with any other kind of leave. (3) The above concessions shall be granted only if a Medical Board
constituted by the Secretary, Health Department through a general order,
certifies that the Government servant has been actually suffering from any of
the diseases mentioned in sub-rule (1). (1) Casual leave may be granted to a Government servant for a total period
of 10 days in a Calendar year, for personal reasons, provided that it shall not
cause any evasion of the rules regarding- (a) date of commencement of pay and allowances; (b) date of assumption of charge of office; (c) commencement and end of regular leave; (d) date of return to duty; (e) extension of the period of leave beyond already sanctioned. Explanation I-Heads of Departments or Heads of
Offices may grant casual leave. The Chief Secretary may grant casual leave to
Secretaries/Heads of Departments. The authority competent to grant casual leave
shall ensure that casual leave applied for is proportionate with the period of
duty actually rendered by a Government servant and is for unavoidable reasons.
The authority granting casual leave shall maintain proper accounts for casual
leave. Explanation II.-Gazetted holidays falling in
between a spell of casual leave shall not be counted as part of the casual
leave. Explanation.-Substitutes appointed in leave
vacancies shall not be entitled to any casual leave. In their cases leave
applied for as casual leave shall be treated as leave without pay. Where the services of a Government servant has been
extended in the interest of pubic service beyond the date of his retirement,
such Government servant may be granted earned leave, subject to a maximum of 180
days, as follows:- (i) during the period of extension, any earned leave due in respect of that
period of such extension and, to the extent necessary, the earned leave which
could have been granted to him under sub-rule (2) of rule 28 had he retired on
the date of retirement; (ii) after the expiry of the period of extension - (a) the earned leave which could have been granted to him under sub-rule (2)
of rule 28, had he retired on the date of retirement decreased by the amount of
such leave availed of during the period of extension; and (b) any leave earned during the period of extension as has been formally
applied for as preparatory to final retirement in sufficient time during the
extension and refused to him on account of the exigencies of the public
service. In the case of a Government servant re-employed
after retirement, the provisions of these rules shall apply as if he had
entered Government service for the first time on the date of his re-employment. A Government servant who is retired by the
Government by giving him pay and allowances in lieu of notice, may be allowed
also to encash the leave due at his credit on the date of issue of such notice
excluding that period for which pay and allowances in lieu of notice have been
allowed. A Government servant who seeks voluntary retirement
by giving the required period of notice may apply before expiry of such notice,
for the leave on full pay standing at his credit which may be granted to him to
run concurrently with the period of notice. The period of full pay leave, if any,
extending beyond the date of retirement of expiry of notice may be allowed as
terminal leave and, at the option of the Government servants, may even be
encashed. Except during leave preparatory to retirement, a
Government servant on leave shall not, without the previous sanction of the
Government, accept any occupation which involves the receipt of remuneration of
any kind. The Government may sanction to a Government servant
who retires from service under the Sikkim Government Service Rules, 1974, cash
equivalent of leave salary in lieu of the period of earned leave full pay
standing at his credit on the date of his retirement subject to a maximum of
180 days. Where a Government servant dies while in service,
the cash equivalent of leave salary that deceased Government servant would have
received immediately prior to his death had he availed himself earned leave at
his credit subject to a maximum of 180 days, shall be paid to his family, in
lieu of unutilised earned leave at the credit of the deceased Government
servant. The Government servants serving in the vacation
departments may be granted the benefits provided for under rules 33, 34, 36 and
37 by converting the leave on half pay at credit into full pay by delinting
their leave on half pay twice the number of days on full pay to the extent
admissible under these rules. (1) A Government servant including an employee serving in a vacation
department who has completed a minimum service of three years on or before the
commencement of these rules may, once in block of two calendar years, apply for
encashment of leave for 30 days by surrendering an equivalent amount of earned
leave from the amount of earned leave accrued and standing at his credit. (2) While surrendering the leave for the purpose of encashment, the earned
leave of the Government servant shall be debited by 30 days in respect of
employees serving in non-vacation department a 60 days in respect of employees
serving in vacation department in the calendar year in which the encashment has
been obtained. Explanation I. For the purpose of this rule only
earned leave shall be surrendered. Explanation II.-The first block calendar year may
be counted from the 1st day of January of the year One thousand nine hundred
and eighty. Explanation. III.-In case of Government servants
who have not completed three years service the block calendar year shall start
immediately on the completion of three years continuous service by the said
Government servants. Explanation IV.-The encashment may be availed of by
a Government servant at any time during the block calendar years. (1) A Government servant who proceeds on earned leave or commutted leave is
entitled leave salary equal to the emoluments drawn immediately before
proceeding on earned leave or commutted leave. Explanation.-Emoluments include all allowances
being drawn immediately before proceeding on leave, by the special pay or
allowance being drawn, if any, by the Government servant proceeding on leave
shall not be admissible if the period of leave exceeds 30 days at one stretch. (2) A Government servant on half pay leave is entitled to leave salary equal
to half the pay full allowances being drawn immediately before proceeding on
such leave subject to explanation to sub-rule Explanation.-Full allowances
means the allowances calculated on the basis of the percentage of basic pay
being drawn immediately prior to the departure on such leave notwithstanding
the fact that only half, of the basic pay is being drawn during the leave on
half pay. (3) A Government servant on extraordinary leave is not entitled to any leave
salary. A Government servant proceeding on leave for a
period not less than thirty days may be allowed advance of leave salary for a
maximum of one month subject to the normal recoveries. Where any doubt arises as to the interpretation of
these rules, it shall be referred to the Government in the Establishment
Department or decision. Where the Government is satisfied that the
operation of any of these rules cause undue hardship any particular case, the
Government may, by order, for reasons to be recorded in writing, dispense with
relax the requirements of that rule to such extent and subject to such
exceptions and conditions as it may consider necessary for dealing with the
case in a just and equitable manner. (1) On and from the commencement of these rules, Chapter X of the Sikkim
Government service Rules, 1974, containing rules from 65 to 93 (both inclusive)
and the leave account form appended thereto shall stand repealed. (2) Where on and from the commencement of these rules there is at the credit
of any Government servant leave exceeding 180 days the leave in excess of 180
days shall lapse: Provided that the State Government may by a
separate order give such benefits as it may think in respect of leave in excess
of 180 days. (3) Notwithstanding such repeal anything done or any action taken or any
leave granted to a Government servant under the rules hereby repealed shall be
deemed to have been done, taken or granted under the corresponding provisions
of these rules or under the rules in force at the relevant time.SIKKIM GOVERNMENT SERVICE (LEAVE)
RULES, 1982
PREAMBLE