K. VENKATASWAMI, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. IA No. 1 of 1995 for impleadment is allowed

3. The appellant are teachers in Government schools in the State of Haryana. The appellants were appointed as (JBT) teachers in the schools as they did not possess B. T. /B. Ed qualification at the time of their appointments. However, they acquired B. T. /B. Ed degree on various dates as mentioned in p. 9 of the SLP paper-book and also at p. 53 (so far as newly impleaded Appellant 8 is concerned). They moved the High Court of Punjab and Haryana under Articles 226/227 of the Constitution of India for the issue of writ of mandamus directing the respondents to give them the higher grade admissible to the masters with effect from respective dates of their acquiring B. T. /B. Ed qualifications and they also prayed for issue of writ of mandamus to the respondents to implement the decision/direction of this Court in the case of Chaman Lal v. State of Haryana1

4. In response to the notice of motion issued by the High Court, written statement on behalf of the respondents was filed and therein it was brought to the notice of the Court that the erstwhile Punjab Governments instructions dated 23-7-1957 on the basis of which the petitioners/appellants rested their claim, stood superseded and no more applicable to the employees of the Haryana Government. It was also stated in the written statement that a policy decision was taken by the Government of Haryana in Finance Department Letter No. 7/2(i) /90-FRI dated 9-3-1990 stating that the pay scales admissible to the masters, that is, B. A., B. Ed. would be given to such teachers who have been appointed against the posts for which the qualification is B. A., B. Ed. In the light of the written statement and also applying the earlier decision of the High Court in CWP No. 14736 of 1991 dated 1-12-1992, the learned Judges held that the appellants were not entitled to the the reliefs prayed for as they were never appointed against the post of masters. Aggrieved by the dismissal of the writ petition, the present special leave to appeal is preferred by the appellants

5. Learned counsel for the appellants strenuously urged before us that the ratio laid down by this Court in Chaman Lal1 will apply in full force to the facts of this case and, therefore, the appellants would be entitled to succeed in the present appeal

6. Learned counsel appearing for the respondents submitted that in Chaman Lal case1 this Court was considering the scope of the letter dated 23-7-1957 issued by the composite Punjab Government in the light of subsequent order of Haryana Government dated 5-9-1979. However, in the present case the letter dated 23-7-1957 stood superseded by the latest policy instructions issued by the Haryana Government on 9-3- 1990 and therefore, the judgment in Chaman Lal1 will be of no avail. He also invited our attention to the policy instructions contained in the letter dated 9-3-1990 which is Annexure III to the special leave petition found at p. 44

7. But for the policy instructions now issued by the Haryana Government on 9-3-1990, the ruling of this Court in Chaman Lal case1 would have definitely applied to the facts of this case. In Chaman Lal case1 this Court considered both the letter dated 23-7-1957 and the Order dated 5-9-1979. While considering the scope of the letter and order, this Court also took note of certain admissions made by the Government during that period and observed as follows : (SCC pp. 118- 120, paras 1-2)

"It is thus seen that from 1957 to 1980 whenever the question arose, it was always accepted that teachers who acquired the BT or BEd qualification would be entitled to the higher scale of pay as soon as they acquired the qualification irrespective of the dates when they were adjusted against the posts of Masters. The adjustment against the posts of Masters was relevant for the purpose of seniority in the posts of Masters and for the further purpose of promotion from that post. So far as the scale of pay was concerned, irrespective of adjustment against the post of Master, a teacher was always held to be entitled to the higher scale of pay from the date of the acquisition of the BT or BEd qualification

2. On 5-9-1979, the Government of Haryana issued on order in the following words

Sanction of the Government of Haryana is hereby accorded w.e.f. 5-9- 1979 of the grant of Masters grade to unadjusted JBT teachers who have passed BA/BEd, subject to the following conditions

(i) That the expenditure involved would be met from the savings of the current year revised sanctioned estimates

(ii) That these teachers will not be allowed any seniority in the cadre of Masters

(iii) That it will not form a precedent for future

(iv) That the award of Masters grade to the concerned teachers would be personal to them

This order of the Government is now sought to be interpreted and it has been so interpreted by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana in the judgment under appeal that those teachers who had acquired the BT or BEd qualification subsequent to 1-12-1967 (the date on which the 1968 order came into force) and before 5-9-1979 would be entitled to the higher grade but with effect from 5-9-1979 only and that those who acquired the qualification subsequent to 5-9-1979 would not be entitled to the higher grade. According to the judgment of the High Court under appeal, the 1968 order did away with the principle of the 1957 order that teachers acquired BT or BEd qualification should get the higher grade and that a concession was shown in 1979 enabling the teachers who acquired the BT or BEd qualification between 1968 and 1979 go get the higher scale from 1979. In our opinion, this is plainly to ignore all the events that took place between 1957 and 1980. The principle that pay should be linked to qualification was accepted by the Punjab Government in 1957 and when Kirpal Singh Bhatia case2 was argued in the High Court and in the Supreme Court there was not the slightest whisper that the principle had been departed from in the 1968 order. In fact the 1968 order expressly stated that the Government had accepted the Kothari Commissions report in regard to scales of pay and as already pointed out by us the main feature of the Kothari Commissions report in regard to pay was the linking of pay to qualification. That was apparently the reason why no such argument was advanced in Kirpal Singh Bhatia case2. Even subsequently when several writ petitions were disposed of by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana and when the Government issued consequential orders, it was never suggested that the 1968 order was a retraction from the principle of qualification linked pay. The 1968 order must be read in the light of the 1957 order and the report of the Kothari Commission which was accepted. If so read there can be no doubt that the Government never intended to retract from the principle that teachers acquiring the BT or BEd would be entitled to the higher grade with effect from the respective dates of their acquiring that qualification. The 1979 order was indeed superfluous."

(emphasis added)

8. In the present revision of pay scale of government employees teaching personnel of the Education Department (hereinafter called the policy of the intention to retract from the earlier principle that teachers acquiring the B. T. or B. Ed degree would be entitled to the higher grade with effect from the respective dates of their acquiring that qualification. Relevant portions in the policy of Government dated 9-3-1990 read as follows

"I am directed to refer to composite Punjab Government Finance Department Circular No. 5056-FR-11/57 dated 23-7-1957 on the subject noted above, which contains the details regarding the revision of the pay scales of various categories of subordinate services (including teachers) done on the recommendations made by the Pay Revisions Committee, then appointed to examine this matter. While evolving revised pay scales in respect of different categories of teachers in the Education Department, in para 3 of above-mentioned circular, two broad categories namely, category A and category B of teachers were mentioned, inter alia laying down the requirements of academic qualifications in their cases. It would not have been intended by the Government that on their acquisition of high academic qualification, various categories of teachers in the lower grades shall automatically be placed in the different higher grade commensurate with their academic qualification. Normally, pay scales of various categories of posts in any Department are sanctioned keeping in view the minimum qualifications required for each category of posts, besides the duties prescribed for them. Similarly, the teaching posts are sanctioned for various educational institutions keeping in view the subjects and classes, the incumbents of these posts are required to teach and for that specific qualifications are prescribed in the service rule as well as at the time of recruitment. For example, if a B. A., B. Ed. pass candidate with the qualifications of Matric J. B. T. also applied for the post of Matric J. B. T. and is taken into service on the basis of higher qualification, he/she cannot claim the grade of Master/Mistress but will get the sanctioned scale of pay of teacher meant for Matric J. B. T. Similarly, if a Matric J. B. T. teacher improves his qualification during the course of service and acquires degree of B. A., B. Ed or of language teacher i.e. O. T. Giani or Prabhakar, he cannot claim the scale of Master i.e. B. A., B. Ed or of language teacher unless he is appointed as Master against the post of Master and language teacher against the post of language teacher for which the minimum qualifications are B. A., B. Ed and O. T. (Giani or Prabhakar) respectively

2. As the instructions contained in paragraph 3 of the above- mentioned letter dated 23-7-1957 did not bring out the above-mentioned intentions of the Government in unambiguous terms, it has resulted in different interpretations i.e. automatic grant of higher scales of pay on the basis of qualifications irrespective of number of posts available in the Department in that category. ... it was never the intention of the State Government to undertake the continuing heavy financial burden that has devolved on it because of the faulty framing of the above-mentioned instructions

(3 to 5 omitted)

6. In order to remove the confusion being created by misconstruing the intention of the Government the whole matter has been reconsidered by the State Government. As a result of the reconsideration, the Governor of Haryana is pleased to clarify that the teachers of the Education Department are not entitled to be placed in the higher scales of pay in terms of para 2 of the Punjab Government letter No. 5056-FR-11/57/6600 dated 23-7-1957 or any subsequent letters/notifications issued by the Haryana Government referred to in the preceding paras, which letters already become inoperative on their improving/acquiring higher qualifications during the course of their service automatically. The masters/teachers in the Education Department will be placed in the scale of pay of their respective categories to which they are appointed against the sanctioned posts and mere possession/acquiring of higher qualifications will not entitle them automatically to claim higher pay scales."

(emphasis supplied)

9. From the above extracts, it is clear that the Government have altered their earlier policy and, therefore, the judgment in Chaman Lal case1 will have no application. The appellants who have not acquired the B. T. /B. Ed before 9-3-1990 cannot, therefore, claim the benefit of higher grade of pay automatically

10. Learned counsel for the respondents frankly conceded that all those who have acquired B. T. /B. Ed before 9-3-1990 would be entitled to get higher scales of pay in terms of para 2 of the composite Punjab Government letter dated 23-7-1957

11. We find that among the appellants five of them, namely, Appellants 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 who have acquired B. T. /B. Ed prior to 9- 3-1990 would get the benefit and the others are not entitled to get the relief. To that extent mentioned above, the appeal succeeds

12. In order to prevent avoidable multiplicity of litigation, we make it clear that all those who have acquired B. T. /B. Ed before 9-3-1990 would be entitled to get the benefit of para 2 of the Punjab Government Letter dated 23-7-1957 and those who have acquired B. T. /B. Ed subsequently are governed by the changed policy of Haryana Government dated 9-3-1990. The appeal is disposed of accordingly. No costs.