1. This revision application is directed against the order of issuance of Succession Certificate in favour of present Respondent passed by the by Civil Judge Senior Division, Beed in Miscellaneous Civil Application No.161 of 2005 decided on 29.9.2006, which judgment and order is further confirmed by the learned District Judge-I, Beed in Miscellaneous Civil Appeal No.101 of 2006 decided on 24.10.2007.

2. It is not disputed that Madhukar Machile retired from government service on superannuation on 27.8.1992. Admittedly, he was father of present revision applicant Sushma Bodas who is his married daughter residing at Akola. Present Respondent Malti filed Application bearing Misc. Civil Application No.161 of 2005 in the Court of Civil Judge, Senior Division, Beed, seeking grant of succession certificate in respect of the amounts lying in the name of deceased Madhukar Machile in his bank accounts with State Bank of Hyderabad, Bank of Maharashtra and Beed District Central Cooperative Bank, Beed and also for family pension. It is stated that that Madhukar died on 24.5.2005 at Akola. According to Respondent Malti, she is the widow of Madhukar; Madhukar was survived by the respondent and present revision applicant. The respondent-applicant Malti in the application has stated that she married deceased Madhukar on 7.5.1999 at Shri Kankaleshwar Temple, Beed and the marriage was registered on 11.5.1999 with the office of Marriage Registrar, Beed.

3. The said application (MCA 161/2005) was opposed by present revision applicant Sushma Bodas who was opponent in that application, by filing written say at Exhibit 16/B. She denied the relationship between applicant Malti and deceased Madhukar. According to her, Malti was working as cook at the house of Madhukar who was residing alone at Beed and during that period certain documents were prepared. Thus, the application for succession certificate was challenged mainly on the ground that Malti was not the widow of deceased Madhukar.

4. Learned Civil Judge,(S.D.) Beed, allowed said Misc.Civil Appln. No.161 of 2005 holding that the applicant therein i.e. Malti was legally wedded wife of Madhukar and as such she was entitled to succession certificate. It is held by learned Judge that the applicant Malti and Respondent Sushma (present Respondent and revision applicant respectively) were entitled to 1/2 share each in the property of deceased Madhukar and succession certificate was directed to be issued to the extent of 1/2 share each.

5. As against the said order of the learned Civil Judge, Senior Division, Beed, present revision applicant filed appeal, bearing Misc. Civil Appeal No.101 of 2005 which came to be dismissed by the learned District Judge-I, Beed and hence present civil revision application.

6. Heard learned Advocates for the respective parties. Learned Counsel for revision petitioner drew my attention to paragraph 5 of the judgment of the trial court and submitted that there is no evidence to show that the mandatory rites of Homa and Saptapadi were proved in respect of alleged marriage between Madhukar and Malti and other evidence on record is not sufficient to prove the said marriage.

7. The trial court, so also the District Court, have relied upon the statement of Respondent Malti at Exhibit 35. She deposed that her marriage with Madhukar was performed at Kankaleshwar temple, Beed on 7.5.1999 and the same was registered on 11.5.1999. The copy of registration of marriage is produced at Exhibit 31. She further stated that one Kalyan Bhanudasrao Maharaj, who was Gurav (priest) at Kankaleshwar temple had officiated the marriage. Besides deposition of Malti on oath and the certificate of marriage, learned Counsel for Respondent also relied upon certain other documents, such as, application made by deceased Madhukar to the Accountant General, Nagpur, which was dated 8.2.2000. By that application, deceased had informed the Accountant General, Nagpur to treat Respondent Malti as his wife for the purpose of pension. To the said application, deceased had also enclosed form No.4, pensioner's photographs with wife in triplicate, the death certificate of his first wife and the marriage certificate to show that he had married Respondent Malti. Address given in the said application was the same at which Respondent is presently residing. Besides above said documents, the Respondent also produced bank passbooks of the deceased Madhukar at Exhs.27, 28 and 43, as also the domicile certificate at Exhibit 33, which was issued by the Chief Officer, Municipal Council, Beed on 10.3.2006 stating that Respondent Malti was resident of house No.213, Kale Galli, Beed.

8. On the other hand, present revision petitioner examined herself on oath and she simply denied the marriage of Madhukar with Respondent Malti. She deposed that Respondent Malti was working as cook with deceased Madhukar and during that period she might have managed the documents. Both the courts below have held that the evidence led by Respondent Malti was sufficient to prove her relationship with deceased Madhukar.

9. Shri M.M.Patil, the learned Advocate for the petitioner relied upon certain authorities. In the case of Savitaben Somabhai Bhatiya v. State of Gujarat 2005 AIR SCW 1601 it has been observed, while dealing with proceedings under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, that the said provision of law is only in respect of a woman who is lawfully married. A woman, who unwittingly enters into wedlock with a married man is not included within the scope of Section 125 of Cr.P.C. There is no scope for enlargement of scope of Section 125 by introducing any artificial definition to include woman not lawfully married in the expression `wife'. So, that was a case where a woman had entered into wedlock with a man who had been married and his first marriage was still subsisting and as such, his marriage with applicant was void.

10. Second case relied upon by learned Advocate for the applicant is Priya Bala Ghosh v. Suresh Chandra AIR 1971 SC 1153 [LQ/SC/1971/173] . The Supreme Court was dealing with an appeal by special leave against judgment in criminal appeal in which the appellant was found to have committed offence under Section 494 of the Indian Penal Code. At the end of paragraphs 16, it has been laid down:

"The effect of the decision, in our opinion, is that the prosecution has to prove that the alleged second marriage had been duly performed in accordance with the essential religious rites applicable to the form of marriage gone through by the parties and that the said marriage must be a valid one according to law applicable to the parties."

In paragraph 17, after referring to the case of Kanwal Ram, it is observed that the admission of marriage by an accused is no evidence of marriage for the purpose of proving an offence of bigamy or adultery.

11. Learned Advocate Shri M.M.Patil Beedkar for applicant has also referred to the case of Balwinder Kaur v. Gurmukh Singh AIR 2007 P. & H. 74, which is a Single Judge ruling dealing with proceedings in which declaration was sought that the marriage of the appellant Balwinder Kaur with Gurkukh Singh Respondent was nullity under Section 11 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 as it was in contravention of Section 5(i) of the said Act as she performed second marriage with the Respondent during subsistence of her first marriage with one Jaswinder Singh. In paragraph 12, in view of controversy, it was held that to prove a valid marriage under Hindu law, it has to be established that the marriage was performed in accordance with the customary rites and ceremonies, as required under Section 7 of the.

12. Another case cited on behalf of the revision applicant is Jyoti Saha v. Rajesh Kumar Pandey AIR 2000 Calcutta 109. In that case, as paragraph 2 discloses, a suit was filed by appellant in the City Civil Court for declaration that no marriage between her and the respondent was performed according to the Hindu rites or otherwise at any place and also for a declaration that the registration of the alleged marriage between her and the respondent and the certificate granted by the marriage officer on 1st January 1993 under Section 16 of the Special Marriage Act was void and inoperative and also for permanent injunction. The suit was considered to be matrimonial suit. It was a suit for declaration of denial of marriage. In paragraph 43, it is observed that for proving solemnization of marriage, it must be proved that the ceremonies like Saptapadi and Kanyadan were performed.

13. On the other hand, learned Advocate for the Respondent, relied upon judgment of this court in Subhash Shah v. Lata Shah 1993 Mh.L.J. 923 and in paragraph 8, it has been observed as follows;

"8. .................................... Therefore, even if Saptapadi was not one of the items of the marriage ceremony undertaken by the parties before us, we are of the opinion that the marriage between the appellant and the respondent cannot be held to be illegal and invalid. In fact, when some sort of marriage ceremony was undergone by and between the parties, there is always a presumption of validity of marriage unless the presumption is rebutted by quite cogent and satisfactory evidence. Mr. Abhyankar relied upon four judgments of the Supreme Court to bring home his point that unless the performance of religious rites and saptapadi is proved, it cannot be said that the marriage between the parties was valid. The judgments referred to and relied upon are in the cases of (i) Priya Bala vs. Suresh Chandra, 1971 Cri.L.J.939, (ii) Gopal Lal vs. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1979 SC 713 [LQ/SC/1979/75] , (iii) Obulamma vs. L. Venkate Reddy, AIR 1979 SC 848 [LQ/SC/1979/48] AND (IV) Santi Deb Berma vs. Kanchan Priya Devi, AIR 1991 SC 816 [LQ/SC/1990/606] . In our opinion, these are not relevant to the facts of our case because they were the judgments in cases of an offence of bigamy punishable under section 494 of the Indian Penal Code in which it was held that when the parties are both Hindus and if performance of saptapadi was not proved, it cannot be said that the second marriage was proved beyond reasonable doubt and the same was valid. The judgments handed down by the Supreme Court in criminal cases involving the proof of the offence of bigamy punishable under section 494 of the Indian Penal Code would not be relevant in a matrimonial proceeding."

Thus, the court has taken a view that the judgments in the cases of an offence of bigamy punishable under section 494 of I.P.C. would not be relevant for deciding a matrimonial proceeding. The Division Bench referred to various other judgments including the judgment of the Supreme Court in Badri Prasad vs. Deputy Director of Consolidation, AIR 1978 SC 1557 [LQ/SC/1978/184] ; (1978) 3 SCC 527 [LQ/SC/1978/184] in which it has been laid down;

"A strong presumption arises in favour of wedlock where the partners have lived together for a long spell as husband and wife. Although the presumption is rebuttable, a heavy burden lies on him who seeks to deprive the relationship of legal origin. Law leans in favour of legitimacy and frowns upon bastardy."

14. Learned counsel for the appellant also cited case of Vaijantibai vs. Janardhan 2007 (6) Mh.L.J.518 which lays down that though the enquiry for grant of succession certificate is of summary nature, there has to be a minimum of material for a party to be entitled to the succession certificate.

15. In the present case, learned counsel for the appellant has placed on record the copy of deposition of Respondent Malti on oath at Exh.35. She has stated that on 7.5.1999 her marriage with Madhukar was solemnized at Kankaleshwar temple, Beed and thereafter the marriage was registered. She further stated that her marriage with Madhukar was solemnized after death of first wife of Madhukar. She admitted in cross examination that she had also married earlier with one Ananat Dattatraya Gosawi from who she gave birth to a daughter who resides at Radi, Taluka Ambajogai. It is not disputed that Respondent Malti was widow before her marriage with Madhukar. All that is challenged is that there were no necessary ceremonies in the marriage of Malti and Madhukar. In the cross examination, Malti stated that she was Brahmin, she knew the ceremonies which were performed in the marriage. She also stated that she can tell which ceremonies were performed in her marriage but no further question was asked. Under the circumstances, it cannot be presumed that the necessary ceremonies as required for valid marriage were not performed.

16. In this case, besides the evidence of Respondent Malti, there is also evidence in the form of certificate of marriage. It shows that the marriage was performed on 7.5.1999 and the same was registered on 11.5.1999 i.e. just within 45 days after the marriage. The certificate states date and place of marriage, names of bride and bridegroom, the priest who officiated the marriage. Moreover, by application to the Accountant General, Nagpur, deceased Madhukar has asserted his marriage with Respondent Malti. Considering all the evidence, in my opinion, marriage of Respondent Malti with deceased Madhukar is duly proved.

17. It may be noted that there is a strong presumption in favour of validity of a marriage and the legitimacy of its offspring when from the time of the alleged marriage the parties are recognised by all persons concerned as man and wife and are so described in important documents and on important occasions. In the present case, besides the word of Malti and the certificate of registration of marriage, there is the application made by the deceased Madhukar to the Accountant General, Nagpur for treating Respondent Malti as his wife for the purpose of pension. The conduct of deceased Madhukar in filing form No. 4 with his own photograph with that of Malti in triplicate, enclosing death certificate of his first wife and also certificate of his marriage with Respondent Malti, clearly prove his marriage with Respondent Malti. As per Section 8 of the Hindu Marriage Act, the registration of marriage is provided for the purpose of facilitating the proof of Hindu marriages. In fact, section 8(1) begins with the words "for the purpose of facilitating the proof of Hindu marriages". It is, therefore, obvious advantage of registration of marriage that it facilitates proof of marriage in disputed cases.

18. In view of above, in my opinion, this revision application has no merits and the same deserves to be dismissed. Accordingly, revision application is dismissed. Parties to bear their own costs.