N. M. KASLIWAL, J.

1. A plot of land measuring 2000 sq. yards situated at Syani Road, Bombay is the subject-matter of this litigation. One part of the case is that the above property belonged to Chimanlal D. Parikh. He executed a will on October 20, 1952 in favour of his minor sons Prakash Chimanlal Parikh and Pankaj Chimanlal Parikh (hereinafter referred to as respondents 1 and 2). Chimanlal D. Parikh died on December 5, 1952. Devidayal Rolling and Refineries Pvt. Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as respondent 3) was in occupation of the said property as a tenant. Smt. Mayadevi, widow of Chimanlal D. Parikh and executors named in the will dated October 20, 1952 acting on behalf of respondents 1 and 2 filed suit No. 344 of 1958 for eviction against respondent 3 in the Bombay High Court. On October 31, 1961 a consent decree for eviction was passed in the above suit with the condition that the decree shall not be executed for a period of 12 years i.e. up to October 31, 1973. Respondents 1 and 2 in order to execute the said decree submitted an application under Order 21 Rule 16 and Order 21 Rule 22 CPC in the Bombay High Court. The said applications were allowed and respondents 1 and 2 were substituted as decreeholders by an order of the High Court dated December 10, 1973. M/s. Devidayal Rolling Mills (hereinafter referred to as "the petitioners") appeared in the execution proceedings and contended that they had purchased the business along with interest in the disputed property from Devidayal Rolling and Refineries Private Limited, respondent 3. The petitioners also filed a declaratory suit in January 1974 in the Small Cause Court at Bombay for being declared as tenants in the above property. The petitioners also filed an interlocutory application for restraining respondents 1 and 2 from executing the decree for eviction. Respondents 1 and 2 denied any tenancy having been created in favour of the petitioners. The Small Cause Court rejected the grant of any injunction in favour of the petitioners and a revision filed against the said order was also dismissed by the High Court. The petitioners then filed Special Leave Petition No. 4925 of 1977 in this Court, after the disposal of which, the present interim Application No. 1 has been filed

2. A Bench of three Judges of this Court on December 13, 1977 dismissed the special leave petition but respondents 1 and 2 agreed not to execute the decree before January 1, 1980 on a usual undertaking to be given by the petitioners as well as respondent 3. The order dated December 13, 1977 having an important bearing in the case is reproduced as under

"Upon hearing counsel, the Court passed the following

ORDER

Special leave petition is dismissed. However, respondents 1 and 2 agree not to execute the decree before January 1, 1980, on the undertaking given by Mr. Nariman on behalf of the petitioners and respondents 3 that the petitioners and respondent 3 shall hand over vacant and peaceful possession of the premises to respondents 1 and 2 on or before the said date. The petitioners and respondent 3 further undertake that they will not raise any contention hereafter that they were or are in possession of the premises either as licensee or tenants of respondents 1 and 2 under the unamended or the amended Rent Act. Arrears of compensation according to the consent decree shall be paid within four weeks from today and further compensation shall be paid before the 10th of every month at the rate of Rs. 4000 per month. All other terms of the consent decree will remain. The petitioner and respondent 3 shall file through their Managing Director an affidavit in terms of this order, within two weeks." *

3. In pursuance to the above order, undertakings were filed on December 15, 1977. Subsequently an application C.M.P. No.18403 of 1978 was submitted on August 8, 1978 to the effect that after the filing of the undertakings the petitioners and respondent 3 had handed over peaceful and vacant possession of the premises to respondents 1 and 2 on June 25, 1978. It was further submitted that on June 25, 1978 itself a fresh tenancy had been granted by respondents 1 and 2 in favour of the petitioners. A copy of the agreement granting fresh tenancy was also filed along with the application. The above application was filed in view of the fresh agreement of tenancy warranting the obtaining of discharge of the undertakings filed before this Court. The following prayer was made in the said application(a) That it may be declared and recorded that the petitioners and respondent 3 have duly complied with the order of this Honble Court dated December 13, 1977 Ext. `A hereto and the undertakings recorded in the said order as well as the undertakings given by Kewal Kishan Agarwal and Bankey Kishan Agarwal in their affidavits dated December 15, 1977;

(b) That the petitioners, respondent 3, the said Kewal Kishan Agarwal and the said Bankey Kishan Agarwal be relieved on their respective undertaking given by them to this Honble Court and recorded in the said order dated December 13, 1977 Ext. `A hereto and the said affidavits of Kewal Kishan Agarwal and Bankey Kishan Agarwal dated December 15, 1977; and

(c) for such further and other reliefs as the nature and circumstances of the case may require for which act of kindness as the petitioners have in duty bound shall ever pray

The above application came up for consideration on December 11, 1978 and was disposed of by the following order

"Upon hearing counsel, the Court passed the following order

The other side has no objection. Order made as prayed for."

This concludes one part of the case

4. Second part of the case is that after a lapse of nearly 12 years of disposal of the special leave petition the above I.A. No. 1 of 1990 has been filed on January 23, 1990 by one Jugal Kishore Gupta and for convenience we shall hereinafter mention this application as having been filed by the applicant-company. It has been submitted on behalf on the applicant-company that originally Chimanlal D. Parikh was the sole proprietor of a firm M/s Jayant Metal Manufacturing Company (in short JMMC). On November 21, 1952 the said Chimanlal D. Parikh converted it into a partnership firm of himself and his wife Mayadevi

5. Chimanlal D. Parikh died on December 5, 1952. On October 22, 1963 a deed of partnership was made between Mayadevi and her sons, respondents 1 and 2. The business of JMMC was taken over and continued by this partnership firm. On December 7, 1966 Mayadevi retired from the above partnership firm and respondents 1 and 2 alone continued as partners. On December 13, 1971 a private limited company was incorporated of which respondent 1 and 2 alone were the directors. On September 1, 1973 this private limited company also became a partner in the partnership firm of JMMC of which respondents 1 and 2 were the only partners. By an agreement of sale dated July 31, 1979 the applicant-company purchased 100% shares of the private limited company of respondents 1 and 2. After the aforesaid agreement Jugal Kishore Gupta on behalf of the applicant-company also took over the entire assets of the company of respondents 1 and 2 on April 23, 1980. It has been further submitted on behalf of the applicant-company that the disputed had become the property of the private limited company floated by respondents 1 and 2 in 1971 and respondents 1 and 2 had no right to deal with the property in their individual capacity. They had no right and authority to create a fresh tenancy in favour of the petitioners on June 25, 1978 and they practiced a fraud before this Honble Court in obtaining the order dated December 11, 1978 making a deliberate and intentional false misrepresentation that they were owners of the property in dispute and had a right to create fresh tenancy in favour of the petitioners in their individual capacity. It has been further submitted that the applicant-company came to know of the above facts only after the advocate for the applicant made inspection of papers on January 20, 1990. In the above circumstances the applicant-company has filed I.A. No. 1 and has made the following prayers

"The Court may be pleased to -

(a) direct that the applicant be impleaded as respondent 4 in the Special Leave Petition No. 4925 of 1977;

(b) order an enquiry about the fraud practised by the petitioner and the respondents upon this Honble Court and about any other point or points on which this Honble Court deems fit to order an enquiry;

(c) clarify that the undertakings given by the petitioner and respondent 3 was to hand over the possession to respondents 1 and 2 for and on behalf of the applicant as its Directors;

(d) take action against the petitioner and respondents 1 and 3 for perjury;

(e) vacate the order dated December 11, 1978 inasmuch as respondents 1 and 2 were not competent to enter into Tenancy Agreement dated June 25, 1978 creating tenancy in favour of the petitioner;

(f) direct the petitioner and respondent 3 to forthwith hand over vacant and peaceful possession of the suit premises to the applicant; and

(g) pass such other and further order or orders as this Honble Court may deem fit and proper in the circumstances of the case." *

6. This application came up for consideration before this Court and the following order was passed on April 2, 1990

"After hearing learned counsel for the parties, we find that in the proceedings it is difficult to decide the question of title to the disputed property which includes an approximate area of 2000 sq. yds. of plot No. 581 (part) and 582 (part) in TPS Scheme IV, Mahim, Bombay, at present in the possession M/s Devidayal Rolling Mills who are claiming to be protected tenants under the Rent Act. Title to this property is being claimed by M/s Jayant Metal Manufacturing Company Private Ltd., as well as by M/s Prakash Chimanlal Parikh and Pankaj Chimanlal Parikh from whom M/s Devidayal Rolling Mills are claiming to be tenants. Since this disputed question cannot be decided in the present proceedings we remit the issue relating to the title to the aforesaid property to the High Court, Bombay with a direction that the question of title will be decided after giving opportunity to the parties concerned to file affidavits, discovery and leading evidence, etc. After hearing the parties and examining the witness the High Court will record findings and forward the same to this Court for further orders. The findings may be remitted to this Court within six months. After the report is submitted to this Court the parties are free to file objections, if any, within three weeks thereof. Thereafter the matter will be listed for further orders." *

7. In compliance with the aforesaid order of this Court the High Court framed the following two issues

(1) Whether the property admeasuring approx. 2000 sq. yds. of plot No. 581 (part) and plot No. 582 (part) of TPS IV, Mahim Division, Bombay belongs to Prakash Chimanlal Parikh and Pankaj Chimanlal Parikh

(2) Whether M/s Jayant Metal Manufacturing Co. Pvt. Ltd. are owners of the property mentioned in issue No. (1)

8. The High Court after discussing the entire evidence, recorded the finding on issue No. (1) in the affirmative and that of issue No. (2) in the negative. As a result of the above findings, the High Court has held that the property admeasuring approximately 2000 sq. yds. belonged to Prakash Chimanlal Parikh and Pankaj Chimanlal Parikh (respondents 1 and 2) and that M/s JMMC Pvt. Ltd. (the applicant-company) were not the owners. The High Court has sent the report dated August 13-14-16-17, 1991. The applicant-company has filed objections on October 29, 1991 to the findings recorded by the High Court and the petitioners have filed a counter on November 23, 1991 to the objections filed by the applicant-company

9. Mr. Jethmalani, learned senior counsel on behalf of the applicant-company wanted to challenge the findings recorded by the High Court on the question of title of the disputed property. Mr. Chidambaram, learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioners raised a preliminary objection that the present interlocutory application filed by the applicant-company is not maintainable and the order passed by this Court on April 2, 1990 was passed under a misconception. It was submitted that in spite of the findings recorded by the High Court in their favour, he was raising the preliminary objection that the interlocutory application filed by the applicant-company itself was not maintainable and as such the order passed by this Court dated April 2, 1990 as well as the entire proceedings taken in pursuance to the said order and the findings recorded by the High Court were without jurisdiction. It was further contended that the Special Leave Petition No. 4925 of 1977 had itself been dismissed by order dated December 13, 1977 and no application could have been filed under any provision of law by the applicant-company in the said special leave petition after a lapse of more than 12 years. In view of the above preliminary objection raised on behalf of the petitioners, we called upon Mr. Jethmalani to make submissions on the preliminary objection. After hearing learned counsel for the parties at length on the preliminary objection, we consider it necessary to decide the preliminary objection first and we are disposing of the same by this order

10. It was vehemently contended by Mr. Jethmalani, learned senior counsel that such application was maintainable under Article 136 and 142 of the Constitution. It was contended that in this application apart from the prayer for impleadment in the Special Leave Petition No. 4925 of 1977 a prayer was made that the fraud alleged against the petitioners should also be enquired into. It was submitted that this Honble Court while passing the order dated April 2, 1990 had allowed the prayer for impleadment by implication and the second prayer expressly when this Court had framed the issue of title and had directed the High Court to send its findings after giving an opportunity to the parties to file affidavits, discovery and leading evidence etc. It was also submitted that apart from the above reliefs it was also prayed that the order December 11, 1978 regarding the satisfaction of the decree be also set aside. It was submitted that the Honble Court has appellate powers from every decision of every Court or Tribunal and Article 142 of the Constitution gives power to this Honble Court to do justice in any cause or matter raised even in a special leave petition already dismissed or disposed of. Reliance is placed on the decision of the Honble Court in Union Carbide Corporation v. Union of India. It was contended that the application is covered by Section 47 of the Code of Civil Procedure or within the principles of justice underlying Section 47 CPC read with Article 142 of the Constitution

11. It was also contended that by order dated April 2, 1990 this Honble Court had granted two prayers made in the application. Firstly, this Honble Court had impleaded the applicant-company and had recorded its right of being heard in the matter and secondly, had decided to make an enquiry into the fraud complained of the applicant-company by directing the High Court to make a report on the question of title. The order dated April 2, 1990 had been passed after hearing the parties. It would cause an irreparable injury to the applicant-company in case the order dated April 2, 1990 is recalled. The applicant-company has already been put to enormous costs and expenses in conducting the proceedings before the High Court and a long and valuable judicial time has also been spent. It was submitted that the parties have already suffered a protracted hearing and it would be a travesty of justice if the parties would now be told to start their legal remedy from the lowest court of competent jurisdiction. It would being justice into disrepute and would prove the dictum justice delayed is justice denied. The order dated April 2, 1990 is neither per incuriam nor without jurisdiction and the same being passed by this Honble Court itself after full application of mind and hearing the parties ought to be sustained

12. It was further contended that even after the passing of the order dated April 2, 1990 by this Honble Court, the petitioners had raised the plea of correctness of the said order dated April 2, 1990 before the High Court. The Court rejected the said contention by a specific order dated August 21, 1990. The High Court further granted an opportunity to the petitioners to seek a review of the order dated April 2, 1990 from this Honble Court, but the petitioners did not avail of the said opportunity and continued with the proceedings before the High Court. Under these circumstances the order dated April 2, 1990 having become final cannot be impeached now in these very proceedings. It was submitted that the principle of res judicata applies also as between two stages in the same litigation and any question having been decided at an earlier stage in one way or the other cannot be allowed to be re-agitated by the parties at a subsequent stage of the same proceedings. Once a matter is decided it is certainly final as regards that court is concerned. Reliance in support of the above contention is placed on Satyadhyan Ghosal v. Smt Deorajin Debi and Y. B. Patil v. Y. L. Patil

13. It was further contended that the application in question is also maintainable under Section 47 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It is submitted that a dispute between a decreeholder and a person claiming adverse to the decreeholder which affects the judgment-debtor falls within the pur-view of Section 47 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It is contended that the consent decree dated October 31, 1961 was modified and merged in the order of this Honble Court dated December 13, 1977. By said order dated December 13, 1977 the time for execution of the consent decree was extended up to January 1, 1980. By another order dated December 11, 1978 this Honble Court recorded satisfaction of the executable order dated December 13, 1977 by discharging the undertakings given by the petitioners and respondent 3. It has thus been contended that the applicant-company being the true and absolute owner of the disputed property was entitled to the benefit of the modified decree dated December 13, 1977. In view of the satisfaction recorded by this Honble Court by order dated December 11, 1978, the applicant-company was justified in submitting the present application under Section 47 of the Code of Civil Procedure for setting aside the order of satisfaction of the decree for eviction recorded by this Court. Respondents 1 and 2 destroyed such right of the applicant-company by entering into a transaction acting as proprietors and committed a fraud by seeking an order dated December 11, 1978. Hence, this Honble Court alone can go into the question of such fraud

14. It was also contended that the petitioners are also bound by the principle of acquiescence, waiver and estoppel in view of the fact that they did not file any review application against the order dated April 2, 1990, instead participated in the proceedings before the High Court for a long period of 78 days. It was also submitted that no prejudice has been occasioned to the petitioners on account of the order dated April 2, 1990 as the finding on the question of title has been recorded by the High Court in favour of the petitioners and it is the applicant-company who wants to assail the same and get the question of title to be decided finally by the apex Court to shorten the litigation

15. On the other hand it was submitted by Mr. Chidambaram, learned senior counsel for the parties that the order dated April 2, 1990 being merely an interim order, the same can always be varied or modified by this Court at any later stage of the proceedings. The prayer in the application for impleadment filed by the applicant-company has itself not been granted so far and by the order dated April 2, 1990 no question has been decided nor has any right been conferred thereby on the applicant-company. This Honble Court had passed the order dated April 2, 1990 under a clear misconception of both facts as well as law and a such the same can always be recalled at a subsequent stage in the proceedings. The application is not maintainable under any provision of law including Section 47 CPC. The applicant-company was neither a party to the suit in which the decree for eviction was passed nor has it come forward as a representative of any party to the suit much less the representative of the decreeholder. It has been contended that respondents 1 and 2 had filed an application under Order 21 Rule 16 and Order 21 Rule 22 CPC for being substituted as decreeholder and the executing court had allowed the applications in their favour and as such they alone were competent to execute the decree

16. It was also argued on behalf of the petitioners that judgments which have the force of a decree are to be distinguished from other interlocutory orders which are a step towards the decision of the dispute between the parties by way of a decree or a final order. Thus it has been contended that the nature of the order dated April 2, 1990 was merely a step towards the decision of the application filed by the applicant-company which itself is of an interlocutory nature. It was also argued that the lease granted by respondents 1 and 2 in favour of the petitioners, w.e.f. June 25, 1978 was not the subject-matter of the prayers in C.M.P. No 18403 of 1978 nor the subject-matter of the order made by this Honble Court on December 11, 1978. The fresh lease granted in favour of the petitioners has never been the subject-matter of any proceedings in any court of law, including this Honble Court. Thus it is not open to the applicant-company by moving the above interlocutory application No. 1 of 1990 to question in any manner the fresh lease granted, w.e.f. June 25, 1978 or to allege that the said lease is fraudulent or is vitiated in any other manner. Even if for arguments sake the applicant-company now wishes to challenge the aforesaid lease granted as far back as on June 25, 1978, the applicant-company is bound to institute separate and substantive proceeding challenging the said lease

17. It has also been argued on behalf of the petitioners that in R.A.D. No. 718 of 1974 the applicant-company being a defendant had filed a written statement in November 1986 in which it had referred and questioned the grant of fresh lease dated June 25, 1978 by respondents 1 and 2. Thus the stand now take by the applicant-company that it came to know about the aforesaid lease only after its advocate took inspection of papers on January 20, 1990 is totally false and the applicant-company having not come with clean hands and also after a long delay the application is liable to be dismissed on these grounds alone

18. We have given our thoughtful consideration to the arguments advanced on behalf of the parties and have carefully gone through the record as well as the written arguments. As already mentioned above respondents 1 and 2 were substituted as decreeholder by an order of the High Court dated December 10, 1973. The petitioners having purchased the business from Devidayal Rolling Mills, (respondent 3) had filed a declaratory suit in January 1974 in the Small Causes Court at Bombay. In the said suit the interlocutory application restraining respondents 1 and 2 from executing the decree for eviction was dismissed. The revision filed by the petitioners was also dismissed by the High Court and against that order the petitioners had come before this Court by filing the above Special Leave Petition No. 4925 of 1977. The special leave petition was also dismissed on December 13, 1977 and time as granted to vacate the property in dispute before January 1, 1980. In pursuance to the order dated December 13, 1977 some undertakings were given by the petitioners and respondent 3 on December 15, 1977 and t hereafter the petitioners and respondent handed over the possession of the property in dispute to respondents 1 and 2 on June 25, 1978 and on the same day a fresh agreement of lease was granted by respondent 1 and 2 in favour of the petitioners. We are thus totally at a loss to understand as to how any question of its title as sought to be raised by the applicant-company against respondents 1 and 2 or any question of fraud, if any, in granting a fresh lease dated June 25, 1978 by respondents 1 and 2 could at all be brought up before this Court straight away. These questions now sought to be raised by the applicant-company in the present application have nothing to do with the controversy raised in the main special leave petition itself which also came to be dismissed long back on December 13, 1977. In our view such controversy regarding the alleged applicant-companys title to the property or the question of alleged fraud in respect of creating a fresh tenancy dated June 25, 1978 in respect of that property had no relevance even remotely with the question raised in the special leave petition. Such question of title or fraud could neither be gone into in a special leave petition in exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 136 or 142 of the Constitution nor could the same be raised under Section 47 of the Code of Civil Procedure in the disposed-of special leave petition non by way of any interlocutory application. The order dated April 2, 1990 appears to have been passed under a clear misconception that it will aid the final decision on the application. This Court while passing the order dated April 2, 1990 did not decide any controversy non did it grant the application for impleadment filed by the applicant-company. There was no proceeding pending at all before this Court in respect of the above special leave petition in which the present application could have been filed after a lapse of 12 years and it was an apparent and obvious mistake on the part of this Court in entertaining such application. We cannot accept the submission made on behalf of the applicant-company that the order dated April 2, 1990 is final and binding so as to compel us to decide the question of title

19. The special leave petition itself was filed by the petitioners who were claiming as tenants in the property in dispute against the order of the High Court affirming the order of the Small Causes Court refusing to grant interim injunction against the execution of the decree for eviction. Thus the controversy, if any, raised in the main special leave petition itself had nothing to do with the question of any dispute of title between respondents 1 and 2, and the applicant-company

20. It may be noted that according to the applicant-companys own case they had made an agreement of purchasing 100 % shares of the private limited company of respondents 1 and 2 on July 31, 1979 and thereafter Jugal Kishore Gupta on behalf of the applicant-company took over the entire assets on April 23, 1980. Thus the applicant-company cannot be said to have anything to do with the two orders passed by this Court on December 13, 1977 and on December 11, 1978 nor could the applicant-company be regarded as one in any way adversely affected by the agreement dated June 25, 1978 of new tenancy as till then it had not taken any steps of purchasing the said shares. There was no scope or even any semblance of any controversy now sought to be raised by the applicant-company which could have been raised or decided in the main special leave petition itself. That apart a Bench of three Judges of this Court on February 13, 1977 has dismissed the special leave petition and so far as the order dated December 11, 1978 is concerned it neither decided any controversy nor changed its earlier order of dismissal of the special leave petition. We are clearly of the view that this interlocutory application filed by the applicant-company on January 23, 1990 in the dismissed special leave petition as back as on December 13, 1977 was totally misconceived and there was no provision under which the same could have been entertained by this Court

21. It is no doubt true that on account of the order dated April 2, 1990 both the parties have been put to an enormous cost but this cannot be a justification for entertaining a controversy which did not arise even remotely in the main special leave petition and which could only be decided by way of regular substantive proceedings in the lowest court of competent jurisdiction. This Court cannot entertain and decide the question of title in respect of an immovable property raised for the first time before this Court by any of an interim application in a dismissed special leave petition. There is no question of any acquiescence, waiver or estoppel against a party where the error is committed by the Court itself. This Court is under a bounden duty to correct its own mistake. So far as the case of Union Carbide Corporation v. Union of India is concerned the same has no relevance and can be of no assistance at all to the applicant-company in the facts and circumstances of the present case

22. The principle laid down in Satyadhyan case and Y. B. Patil is to the effect that the principle of res judicata can be invoked not only in separate subsequent proceedings but they can also get attracted in subsequent stage of the same proceedings. There cannot be any difference of opinion in the said view. However, this question would depend on the facts and circumstances of each case and the nature of the order passed at an earlier stage of the proceedings. In Arjun Singh v. Mohindra Kumar it was observed as under

"[W]here the principle of res judicata is invoked in the case of the different stages of proceedings in the same suit, the nature of the proceedings, the scope of the enquiry which the adjectival law provides for the decision being reached, as well as the specific provisions made on matters touching such decision are some of the material and relevant factors to be considered before the principle is held applicable." *

23. So far as the question of rendering justice in a civil litigation is concerned, it can only be know after the final culmination of such litigation and the party succeeding can be adequately compensated by way of costs. It has been rightly said that "cost is a panacea in law which heals every sore in litigation". In the present system of adversarial civil litigation between the parties it may turn out to be costly as well as time consuming, if either of the parties decide to bring all or any controversy for decision up to the apex Court. In our considered view the question of title to an immovable property or fraud in any transaction relating to it cannot be entertained by this Court in an interlocutory application filed by a third party in a special leave petition dismissed as long ago a 12 years discarding all procedural requirements. We are thus clearly of the view that the order dated April 2, 1990 did not decide any issue finally nor can it be considered as binding or operative as a res judicata or otherwise

24. It is true that the High Court has recorded a finding in favour of the petitioners and against the applicant-company and as such the applicant-company is prejudiced if the said finding remains in tact. However, in view of the fact that we are upholding the preliminary objection, it is necessary in the interest of justice to declare the entire proceedings in the High Court including the findings recorded on the question of title as non est and not binding on any of the parties concerned. We order accordingly. Although we have refrained from making any observations on the merits of the issues raised in the I.A. regarding the questions of alleged title and alleged fraud we make it clear that this judgment or any observations made therein will not in any manner prejudice the rights of any of the parties with regard to the title of the property in dispute or any question of fraud sought to be raised by the applicant-company in an appropriate forum

25. Subject to the above, we dismiss Interlocutory Application No. 1 of 1990 with no order as to costs.