(1) IN M. J. C. No. 590 of 1955. the petitioner is Bata Shoe Company, Ltd. , which has a factory at Digha. In M. J. C. No. 546 of 1955 the petitioners are 59 dismissed workmen who had been previously employed in the Digha factory. Both these applications are contested by the State of Bihar, who is the principal respondent. In M. J. C. No. 590 of 1955, there is another principal respondent, the Bata Mazdoor Union. The chairman of the industrial tribunal is also a respondent in both these applications.

(2) IN February 1954, there was a dispute between Bata Shoe Company, Ltd. (which will be hereinafter referred to as the company) and its workmen. Conciliation proceedings were started, and on 18 February 1954 a settlement was duly reached and recorded. But on 23 February 1954, a number of workmen went on strike which was illegal as there was contravention of the provisions of Section 23 (c) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The State Government issued a press note pointing out that the strike was illegal and advised the workmen to give up strike and join work immediately. But the workmen failed to return to work in spite of warning. The company thereafter served the workmen with chargesheets and asked them to submit explanations. As the workmen failed to return to work or to give explanation, the company issued orders dismissing about 275 workmen including respondents 3 to 6

2. Later on, the Bata Mazdoor Union (hereinafter referred to as the union) made a representation to the company and as a result, the company reemployed 76 workmen out of those dismissed. On 16 August 1954 the union served a notice upon the company enumerating several demands. The main question raised was whether an increase in the volume of employment at the Digha factory was justified and whether the company should take back all the workers who were dismissed as a result of the strike of 23 February 1954. On 2 September 1954, the dispute was settled by negotiation and the settlement was recorded in a memorandum of the same date (vide annexure I to the companys application ). One of the terms of the settlement was that 31 workmen, namely, respondents 3 to 33 of M. J. C. No. 690 of 1955) would not be given employment. But these workmen did not abide by the terms of the settlement and raised a dispute regarding their employment. On 8 October 1954, the State Government, acting in exercise of the power conferred by Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, referred the dispute to the industrial tribunal. The order of the State Government was to the following effect:-

No. III/di-1602/54l-15225.-Whereas an industrial dispute exists between the management of the Bata Shoe Company, Ltd. , Digha Ghat, Patna, and their workmen mentioned in appendix A regarding the matters specified in annexure A; Now, therefore in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 7 read with Sub-section (1) of Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (XIV of 1947), the Governor of Bihar is pleased to constitute the industrial tribunal of which Mr. Ali Hasan shall be the sole member and to refer the said dispute to the said tribunal for adjudication. ANNEXURE A Whether the dismissal of the workmen mentioned in appendix A was justified; if not, whether they are entitled to reinstatement or any other relief By order of the Governor of Bihar, (Sd.) B. P. SINGH, Secretary to Government.

Appendix A contains a list of 31 workmen including D. N. Ganguly, M. P. Gupta and others. The tribunal took cognizance of the reference on 13 October 1954 and directed the parties to submit respective memoranda. On 19 January 1955, the State Government made another reference under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act between the company and 29 other workmen, namely, respondents 34 to 6

2. This notification is annexure IV to the companys application and reads as follows:

No. III/di-1601/55l-696. Whereas an industrial dispute exists between the management of the Bata Shoe Company, Ltd. Digha Ghat, Patna, and their workmen, mentioned in annexure B regarding the matters specified in annexure A; Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 7 read with Sub-section (1) of Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (XIV of 1947), the Governor of Bihar is pleased to constitute an industrial tribunal of which Mr. Ali Hasan shall be the sole member and to refer the said dispute to the said tribunal for adjudication. ANNEXURE A Whether the dismissal of the workmen mentioned in annexure B was justified; and, if not, whether they are entitled to reinstatement or any other relief By order of the Governor of Bihar, (Sd.) U. N. MAZUMDAR, Under-Secretary to Government.

Annexure B to this notification includes the name of 29 workmen including D. N. Ganguly, A. Karim and others. The industrial tribunal took cognizance of this reference on 17 January 1955 and directed the parties to submit their written statement on 24 January 1955 the tribunal made an order amalgamating both the references, namely, reference No. 10 of 1954 and reference No. 1 of 1955. On 30 May 1955, the union filed an application before the tribunal for being made a party to both the references. The application was moved by Sri Fateh Narain Singh, but the tribunal dismissed the application by its order No. 39, dated 3 June 1955. The order of the tribunal is in the following terms:-

Sri Fateh Narain Singh was heard at length on the petitions filed by the workmen for being impleaded as parties to the references Nos. 10 of 1954 and 1 of 1955. His contention in brief seemed to be that the management being in collusion with the opposite parties in those references was only malting a show of contest and was not really placing necessary materials before the tribunal. According to him many of these workmen acted as agents of the management in organizing the strike and took active parts in the acts of violence committed during the trouble at the cost of the other peaceful workers in the factory. It was their contention that if these elements were again taken back in the factory it would jeopardise the harmony and peace in the industry. On those grounds the workmen in general through their general secretary of the union wanted to be impleaded as parties in order to place real and full facts before the tribunal. It was also contended that the award given in these references would seriously affect the finding to be given on issue 1 in reference No. 9 of 1955 and so also it was necessary that the workmen of the concern should be impleaded as parties to the reference in question as well. The last contention has already been disposed of in order No. 36 dated 31 May 1955 and need not be considered again. The other grounds mentioned in the petition need consideration. On behalf of the dismissed workmen this prayer was vehemently resisted by Mr. Roy and Mr. Ghosh and it was contended on their behalf that the facts contained in the petition in question were far-fetched and the idea that the harmony and peace in the industry was involved in the result of this adjudication was more imaginary than real. Reference was made to Lakshmi Talkies, Madras v. Chitti Babu 1954-I. L. L. J. 323, in which it was laid down that an individual dispute unless it was made at the instance of the union of the workmen could not be termed as adispute in which other workmen were concerned. Exactly that was the case here and in the eye of law the result of the adjudication proceedings in these references in no way affected the other workmen of the factory and, if at all any such assertion was made on their behalf, it was far-fetched and not real. It is difficult on the supposition of a remote possibility of the industrial peace being disturbed in the concern to implead the entire body of workmen of the concern as parties to these references specially when the appropriate Government did not consider it necessary to implead them as such. Even Mr. Bose, appearing for the management who had no legal objection to their being made parties, conceded that they were not necessary parties but only proper parties. I am, therefore, unable to grant this petition of the workmen and thereby complicate the issue and the same has to be rejected.

(3) ON 7 June 1955, Sri Fateh Narain Singh made an application for review of the order of the tribunal. This application was rejected on the same date. On 25 June 1955, Sri Fateh Narain Singh wrote a letter to the Labour Commissioner requesting that the union should be impleaded as a party to references Nos. 10 of 1954 and 1 of 1955. Meanwhile the industrial tribunal proceeded to hear both the references and between 7 June 1955 and 14 September 1955 the tribunal held eighteen sittings and heard evidence given on behalf of the company. On 14 July 1955, Sri Fateh Narain Singh sent a telegram to the State Government repeating the request that the union should be made a party to the two references pending before the industrial tribunal. On 17 September 1955, the State Government issued a notification purporting to act under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, By this notification the State Government superseded the two previous notifications dated 8 October 1954 and 15 January 1955, and made a fresh reference of the dispute between the company and the workmen to the industrial tribunal. The notification is to the following effect:- No. III/di-1601/55 L-13028-Whereas the Government of Bihar is of opinion that an industrial dispute exists or is apprehended between the management of the Bata Shoe Company, Ltd. Digha, Pana, the workmen mentioned in annexure B and the workmen represented by the Bata Mazdoor Union, Digha, Patna, with regard to the matters specified in annexure A; Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 7 read with Sub-section (1) of Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (XIV of 1947), and in supersession of notification No. III/dm602/54l-1525, dated 8 October 1954, and No. III/di-1601/55l-717, dated 15 January 1955, the Governor of Bihar is pleased to constitute an industrial tribunal of which Mr. Ali Hassan, chairman, industrial tribunal, Bihar, shall be the sole member and to refer the said dispute to the said tribunal for adjudication. ANNEXURE A Whether the dismissal of the workmen mentioned in annexure B was justified or unjustified, and to what relief, if any, these workmen are entitled Annexure B to the notification contains names of sixty workmen who had been mentioned in the annexures to the previous two notifications, dated 8 October 1954 and 15 January 1955. It is important to notice that the dispute referred to the industrial tribunal by the notification dated 17 September 1955 is practically the same as referred to in the previous two notifications, the only difference being that the Bata Mazdoor Union, Digha, is mentioned as one of the parties in the dispute in the notification dated 17 September 1955.

(4) IT is submitted on behalf of the petitioners in M. J. C. Nos. 546 and 590 of 1955 that the order of the State Government dated 17 September 1955 superseding the two earlier references was illegal and ultra vires. It was submitted by Mr. Shankar Banerji that the State Government had no power to cancel the two previous references made on 8 October 1954 and 15 January 1955, and the notification dated 17 September 1955 making a fresh reference of the dispute to the industrial tribunal is ultra vires and beyond the jurisdiction of the State Government. A similar argument has been addressed by Mr. B. C. Ghose appearing on behalf of the petitioners in M. J. C. No. 546 of 1955. In my opinion, the argument addressed by learned Counsel is correct. Section 10 (1) of the Industrial Disputes Act (Act XIV of 1947) states:

Where the appropriate Government is of opinion that any industrial dispute exists or is apprehended, it may at any time by order in writing- (a) refer the dispute to a board for promoting a settlement thereof; or (b) refer any matter appearing to be connected with or relevant to the dispute to a court for inquiry; or (c) refer the dispute or any matter appearing to be connected with, or relevant to the dispute to a tribunal for adjudication; Provided that where the dispute relates to a public utility service and a notice under Section 22 has been given, the appropriate Government shall, unless it considers that the notice has been frivolously or vexatiously given or that it would be inexpedient so to do, make a reference under this sub-section notwithstanding that any other proceedings under this Act in respect of the dispute may have commenced.

(5) IT is manifest that Section 10 grants in express terms a power to the State Government to refer an industrial dispute to a tribunal for adjudication if "the appropriate Government is of opinion that any industrial dispute exists or is apprehended. " There is no express provision either under Section 10 or any other section of the Act empowering the State Government to withdraw a reference after it has been made to the industrial tribunal. The question arises whether by necessary implication the State Government has power to withdraw a reference once it has been made to the industrial tribunal. The question must be answered with reference to the context and the subjecta materies of the statute. Section 15 is important in this connexion. Section 15 imposes a duty upon the industrial tribunal to hold its proceedings expeditiously as soon as a reference is made and to submit its award to the State Government as soon as practicable. Section 15 is in the following terms:-

Where an industrial dispute has been referred to a tribunal for adjudication, it shall hold its proceedings expeditiously and shall, as soon as practicable on the conclusion thereof, submit its award to the appropriate Government.

Section 16 requires that the award of the tribunal shall be in writing and shall be signed by all the members of the tribunal as the case may be. Section 17 imposes a duty upon the State Government to publish the award of the tribunal within a period of one month from the date of its receipt. Section 17a is important. This section states that the award of the tribunal shall become enforceable on the expiry of thirty days from the date of its publication under Section

17. There is an exception in a case where the State Government is a party to the dispute and where the State Government is of the opinion that it will be inexpedient on public grounds to give effect to the whole or any part of the award. Section 17a (2) and (3) is in the following terms:-

(2) where the appropriate Government rejects or modifies any award under the proviso to Sub-section (1), it shall, on the first available opportunity, lay that award together with its reasons for rejecting or modifying the same, before the Legislative Assembly of the State, or where the appropriate Government is the Central Government, before Parliament. (3) Subject to the provisions of Sub-section (1) the award of a tribunal shall come into operation with effect from such date as may be specified therein, but where no date is so specified, it shall come into operation on the date when the award becomes enforceable under Sub-section (1 ).

Section 18 is also important. This section provides that an award which has become enforceable shall be binding on all parties to the industrial dispute and on "all other parties summoned to appear in the proceedings as parties to the dispute, unless the board or tribunal, as the case may be, records the opinion that they were so summoned without proper cause. " I shall then refer to Section 20 (3) which states as follows:-

Proceedings before a tribunal shall be deemed to have commenced on the date of the reference of dispute for adjudication and such proceedings shall be deemed to have concluded on the date on which the award becomes enforceable under Section 17a.

Upon an examination of all the statutory provisions, it is clear that a statutory duty is imposed upon the tribunal to hold its proceedings expeditiously and submit its award to the State Government as soon as a reference is made to it for adjudication under Section

10. The other sections, namely, Sections 16, 17, 17a and 18, are all peremptory in character. The scheme and purpose of the statute is that once a reference is made by the State Government, the industrial tribunal must hold its proceedings and submit its award in an expeditious manner, and upon such an award being made it should be published by the State Government under Section 17 and should normally become enforceable within thirty days of its publication under Section 17a. It must, therefore, be held as a matter of construction that the State Government has no implied power to cancel or withdraw a reference which has already been made to the industrial tribunal under the provisions of Section

10. There are also other considerations in support of my view. Section 12 (5) states that if on a consideration of the report of the conciliation officer the State Government is satisfied that there is a case for reference to a board or tribunal, it may make such reference, but where the State Government does not make such a reference "it shall record and communicate to the parties concerned its reasons therefor. " The provision of Section 12 (5) would be nullified if Section 10 is interpreted to mean that the State Government has an implied power of cancelling the reference which it has already made. If it is held that the State Government has such an implied power, it would not be necessary to record its reasons for cancelling the reference or communicate to the parties concerned such reasons. Such a construction of Section 10 would nullify the effect of Section 12 (5) of the statute and ought not to be adopted. For, it is a well-known rule of interpretation that effect must be given to all parts of the statute and an interpretation should not be adopted which would nullify any portion of the statute or render it ineffective. The proviso to Section 10 (1) is also important. Under this proviso, the State Government is bound to make a reference to the tribunal if the dispute relates to a public utility service and a notice under Section 22 has been given. Section 10 (2) similarly imposes a duty upon the State Government to make a reference. Section 10 (2) states that the State Government "shall make a reference" if the parties to the industrial dispute apply in the prescribed manner for a reference of the dispute to a tribunal and if the State Government is satisfied that the persons applying represent the majority of each party. It is manifest that Section 10 (2) and the proviso to Section 10 (1) are not merely enabling provisions; they do not merely give a power to the State Government to make a reference in its discretion. On the contrary, these statutory provisions impose a duty upon the State Government to make a reference of the industrial dispute to the tribunal if the prescribed conditions are satisfied. Take a case where the State Government has acted under the proviso to Section 10 (1) and referred an industrial dispute relating to public utility service to the industrial tribunal. Take also a case where the State Government has made a reference of an industrial dispute to the tribunal under Section 10 (2) on the application of the parties concerned. Can it be argued that in these cases also the State Government has an implied power to cancel the reference which it has already made in pursuance of its statutory duty I do not think this argument can be entertained. The proviso to Section 10 (1) and Section 10 (2) impose a duty upon the State Government to make a reference and no power of subsequent cancellation can be implied which would be in derogation of the performance of the statutory duty. Mr. Shankar Banerji also made the submission that in these cases the industrial tribunal has taken cognizance of the two previous references and has heard evidence of the parties. It was pointed out that the tribunal has already granted eighteen hearings and the companys witnesses have been examined. It was submitted also that the company would not have the right of representation through counsel at the hearing of the new reference. Section 36 (4) provides that "a party to a dispute may be represented by a legal practitioner with the consent of the other parties to the proceeding and with the leave of the tribunal. " It was contended that the union would not agree to the representation of the company through legal practitioners in the proceeding of the new reference. Mr. Shanker Banerji also pointed out that on 3 June 1955 the tribunal rejected the application of Sri Fateh Narain Singh for adding the union as a party to the proceedings. It was argued that the terms of the third reference made by the State Government were exactly the same as the terms of the previous two references made on 8 October 1954 and 15 January 1955, and the only difference was that in the third reference the union was made a party to the dispute. It was submitted that the effect of the third reference was not only to cancel the two previous references dated 8 October 1954 and 15 January 1955, but also to wipe out all the proceedings taken before the tribunal between 13 October 1954 and 14 September 1955 and also to overrule indirectly the order of the tribunal dated 3 June 1955 refusing to add the Bata Mazdoor Union as a party to the references. I think the argument of learned Counsel is well founded. In any event I hold that as a matter of construction the State Government has no implied power to cancel the reference of any industrial dispute once it has been made under Section 10 (1) of the Industrial Disputes Act. I have already analysed the relevant statutory provisions and I have shown with reference to the scheme and purpose of the statute that no power of cancelling the reference can be attributed to the State Government as a matter of necessary implication.

(6) ON behalf of the State of Bihar the learned Advocate-General referred to Section 21 of the General Clauses Act and made the submission that Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act must be read along with Section 21 of the General Clauses Act and hence the State Government has power to cancel or rescind the reference that has already been made. Section 21 of the General Clauses Act is in the following terms:

Where by any Central Act or Regulation a power to issue notifications, orders, rules or bylaws is conferred, then that power includes a power, exercisable in the like manner and subject to the like sanction and conditions (if any), to add to, amend, vary or rescind any notifications, orders, rules or bylaws so issued.

I am unable to accept the argument of the learned Advocate-General as correct. It is true that Section 21 grants a power to the State Government to amend, vary or rescind an order which it had already made, but Section 21 of the General Clauses Act only embodies a rule of construction and the question whether the State Government has power to cancel a previous reference under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act must be determined with reference to the context and the subject-matter of the particular statute. I have already examined the question from this aspect and I have shown, for the reasons I have already indicated, that the State Government has no implied power of cancelling a reference which it had already made to the industrial tribunal under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act. I do not, therefore, consider that there is much force in the argument of the learned Advocate-General on this point.

(7) IN the course of his argument, the learned Advocate-General referred to Minerva Mills, Ltd. v. their workmen (1953) 5 F. J. R. 6

16. But the principle of that decision is not, however, directly in point in the present case. The question which arose in that case was whether the State Government could constitute an industrial tribunal for a limited period or for deciding a limited number of disputes under Section 7 of the Industrial Disputes Act. The question at issue was as to the proper construction of S. 7 and there was no question about withdrawal of a dispute or cancellation of a reference in that case. The learned Advocate-General referred to the following passage from the judgment of Mahajan, J. , at p. 620:

This section lays down the date or the terminus a quo for the termination and commencement of the proceedings. It is difficult to see that it in any way cuts the power of the Government to appoint a tribunal for a limited duration. Reference was also made to the provisions of Section 33 which relate to the conditions of service during the pendency of the proceedings in adjudication. It is provided therein that there shall be no change in the conditions of service of the workmen pending adjudication. In our opinion, the Labour Appellate Tribunal and the High Court were right in holding that from these provisions it could not be held that it was implicit in Section 7 that the Government could not withdraw a dispute referred to a tribunal or make the appointment of a tribunal for a limited period of time. In our opinion, uuder the provisions of Section 7, the appropriate Government has ample power of constituting a tribunal for a limited time intending thereby that its life would automatically come to an end on the expiry of that time. The contention therefore of Mr. Daphtary that the notification appointing the first tribunal for a period of one year was illegal and that the first tribunal continues to exist is without force. His further contention that the Government could not withdraw the dispute referred to the first tribunal so long as the members of the first tribunal were available and could not hand it over to the second tribunal cannot also be sustained.

(8) BUT this passage must be read in the context of the whole judgment and as I have already pointed out, the question of withdrawal of an industrial dispute did not arise in that case as the tribunal to which the dispute had been referred had ceased to exist. The question at issue was whether the State Government could continue a new tribunal for adjudicating all those industrial disputes which had not been decided by the first tribunal whose life was for a limited period. I am unable to see how the ratio of this decision has any bearing on the present case. The learned Advocate-General also referred in support of his argument to the decision of the Supreme Court in Strawboard Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. Gutta Mill Workers Union 4 F. J. R. 456. In that case the State Government of Uttar Pradesh had referred an industrial dispute to the labour adjudicator on 18 February 1950 and directed that the award should be submitted not later than 5 April 1950. The award, however, was made on 13 April and on 26 April the Governor issued a notification extending the time for making the award up to 30 April 1950. It was held by the Supreme Court that the State Government had no authority whatever to extend the time and the adjudicator became functus officio on the expiry of the time fixed in the original order of reference and the award was, therefore, one made without jurisdiction and a nullity. It was further held that Section 14 of the Uttar Pradesh General Clauses Act did not in terms or by necessary implication give any such power of extension of time to the State Government. It was argued on behalf of the State Government in that case that the order of 26 April could be supported with reference to Section 21 of the Uttar Pradesh General Clauses Act. But the Supreme Court rejected the argument and held that the power of amendment and modification conferred by Section 21 of the Uttar Pradesh General Clauses Act could not be exercised so as to have retrospective operation. I do not think that the principle of this decision has any application to the present case. A I have already stated, the provision embodied in Section 21 of the General Clauses Act is only a rule of construction and the question as to the existence of an implied power of cancellation must be determined with reference to the context and the subjecta materies of the statute.

(9) IF I am right in holding that the State Government had no power to cancel the two previous references made on 8 October 1954 and 15 January 1955, it follows that the entire notification, dated 17 September 1955, is illegal and ultra vires. It was pointed out by the learned Advocate-General that by this notification, dated 17 September 1955, the State Government has not only superseded the two earlier references but has referred a new industrial dispute, namely, a tripartite industrial dispute between the company, the union and the employees, for adjudication to the industrial tribunal. It was contended by the Advocate-General that the illegal portion of the notification, dated 17 September 1955, was severable and no writ need be issued by the High Court for quashing the entire notification. I do not think that the argument of the Advocate-General is well-founded. In my opinion, the order of cancellation of the two previous references is mixed up and interwoven with the new reference of the tripartite dispute. I think there is no question of severability in this case. It is not possible, in my opinion, to apply the blue pencil rule in this case and strike off the illegal part of the notification leaving the rest of it intact. For the reasons I have already given, the entire notification of the State Government, dated 17 September 1955, must be held to be illegal and ultra vires.

(10) IN my opinion both the applications should be allowed and a writ in the nature of certiorari should be issued quashing the notification of the State Government No. III DI-1601/55l-13028, dated 17 September 1955. I also consider that a writ in the nature of mandamus should be issued commanding respondent 2, namely, the chairman, industrial tribunal, Bihar, to proceed expeditiously with reference case No. 10 of 1954 and reference case No. 1 of 1955 and bring them to a conclusion in accordance with law. I would accordingly allow both these applications with costs. Hearing fee Rs. 200 to be paid by the contesting respondent 1, namely, the State of Bihar.

(11) I have some doubt with regard to the application of Section 21 of the General Clauses Act. It is true that the section embodies a rule of construction. If however that rule of construction is applied to Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act (Act XIV of 1947), then the State Government has the power to add to, amend, vary or rescind any notification or order issued under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act. In Strawboard Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. Gutta Mill Workers Union 4 F. J. R. 456, the Supreme Court held that the relevant section of the Uttar Pradesh General Clauses Act did not empower the State Government to exercise the power of amendment, etc. , with retrospective effect. The learned Advocate-General contended that the decision necessarily implied that the power could be exercised within time, that is, before the adjudicator had become functus officio on the expiry of the time fixed in the original order of reference. I do not think that the decision of the Supreme Court decides one way or the other what would be the position if the amendment were made within time.

(12) SPEAKING personally, I think that it will depend on the nature of the amendment, etc. My learned brother has referred to certain other provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act, and I do not think that the power of amendment, etc. , given by Section 21 of the General Clauses Act can be so used as to nullify the other provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act. In the particular case under our consideration, the terms of the third reference made by the State Government are exactly the same as the terms of the two previous references, the only difference being that in the third reference, the union has been made a party to the dispute. I agree with the contention urged on behalf of the petitioners that the effect of the third reference is not only to cancel the two previous references dated 8 October 1954 and 15 January 1955, but also to wipe out all the proceeding taken before the tribunal between 13 October 1954 and 14 September 1955, and to overrule indirectly the order of the tribunal dated 3 January 1955, refusing to add the Bata Mazdoor Union as a party to the reference. In view of the other provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, to which my learned brother has referred, I do not think that the power of amendment, etc. , given by Section 21 of the General Clauses Act assuming that that section gives such a power to the State Government can be used in such a way as to nullify the other provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act.

(13) I do not go to the length of saying that Section 21 of the General Clauses Act does not apply at all. I am content to base my decision on the limited ground that the power given by Section 21 of the General Clauses Act cannot be used in such a way as to nullify, in effect, some of the other provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. For these reasons, I agree to the order proposed by my learned brother in these two cases.